Were-Wolf and Vampire in Romania by Harry A. Senn

the details of transformation into wolves in the Primary Chronicle, Russian heroic poems (byliny) or Serbian folklore are not known, but the circumstances indicate that this ability was attributed to wizards and heroes. Werewolves with cyclical transformations hid their clothes, because without them they would remain wolves until the end of their lives. One of the conditions for a werewolf’s return to human form was clothes, a motif already found in the antiquity. In medieval chivalrous literature, the traitor was always a woman, either a malicious wife or jealous step-mother.

People, almost always men, became wolves either voluntarily with help from magic, wolf skin or enchanted objects such as rings, or involuntarily when somebody cursed or betrayed them. The medieval idea of a werewolf was anatomically an ordinary wolf, but it retained human memory, mind, habits and upbringing. Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.The subject of the study is the transformation of humans into wolves in medieval chivalric romances, rhymed tales (lais), educational works, Norse sagas, Russian literature and Serbian folk songs.

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Were-Wolf and Vampire in Romania by Harry A. Senn